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Artificial mixed feeding
The main reason for the introduction of artificial mixtures is
the lack of breast milk, then the child is introduced Fattened: mixture - a
substitute for breast milk. Depending on the degree of lack of breast milk the
child may be a mixed or completely artificial feeding.
Non-adapted dairy products (milk, yogurt, etc.) do not correspond to the
physiological characteristics of children in the first year of life and should
not be included in their diet until 8 months (and preferably up to 1 year), even
in very difficult socio-economic conditions. The high content of mineral salts
in cow's milk, kefir and other milk products not adapted leads to a significant
load on the kidneys, liver, immune and enzyme systems.
Breastmilk Substitutes are divided primarily by their degree of approximation to
the composition of human milk into two large groups: adapted and partially
adapted.
Adapted substitutes are most close to human milk for all its components: they
decreased as compared to cow's milk total protein content (up to 1,4 - 1,6 g /
100 ml), and the protein component represented a mixture of casein (the main
protein of cow milk) and whey protein (dominant in the women's milk) in the
ratio of 40:60 or 50:50. Is close to their ratio in mature human milk (45:55).
This ratio gives proteins greater degree of digestion and assimilation.
Most of today's mixes are adapted. Usually on the package itself a mixture of
written, whether it is adapted or partially adapted.
Partially adapted mixtures are mixtures with different protein composition or
the ratio of proteins, such as a predominance of casein. Such mixtures although
more different from breast milk, but also can successfully replace it. To
partially adapted mixtures also include all the milk mixture.
Mixtures are often after the title number: 1 or 2. This points to the age when
they can be used: 1 - 5 - 6 months, and then - 2 (mixed with number 2, as a
rule, are partially adapted, and are an intermediate step to move to the
unadapted dairy food). For premature and low birthweight children often used the
designation "pre-".
It should be emphasized that the ingredient and chemical compositions of all
modern Breastmilk Substitutes, the relevant international standards, fairly
close to each other. At the same time, in practice there are cases when a child
gives a pronounced allergic (pseudoallergy) reaction to one of the most advanced
customized mixes, but very tolerant of different mix of the same generation.
This indicates the need for maximum individualization of child nutrition and
refraining from any ready-made templates and standards for the appointment of a
child infant formula.
Introduction of the new mixture should be like a very gradual introduction of
complementary foods: from 10 - 20 grams per feeding, every day, add another on
10 - 20 grams to the required amount. We must thus pay attention to the
portability of this mixture child, taking into account not only changes in stool
or allergic reactions, but like a child, this mixture. When mixed feeding
initially fed breast milk, and then - a mixture.
If you have problems with the introduction of conventional adapted formula can
be solved in the introduction of treatment of mixtures. Treatment of the mixture
may not contain any components of the adapted Conventional mixtures (such as
carbohydrates or any protein) or to the usual mixture is added a component,
which gives it healing properties, such as gluten Carob turns an ordinary
mixture into a mixture of constipation and vomiting .
Mixtures and lure
Thus, a child 5 months. This means that we must prepare for what will happen in
six months. What happens to six months? By six months of mother's milk loses
some of its useful properties, and become not so nutritious. Therefore it is
necessary that after six months the child begins to have in addition to mother's
milk mixture. In order to breastfeed after this did not stop, we should
certainly feed the first breast and then finish feeding mixture. No feeding is
not necessary to replace the entire mixture. Always - chest, then mix. Mixture
for dessert. Mixture as a lure.
Give a mixture with a spoon (but this is difficult), or from a bottle with the
hard nipples. This is to ensure that the child was not tempted to throw his
mother's chest, because it is easier to suck from a bottle.
As a general rule the introduction of supplementary feeding (which is a mixture
of that juice that mashed potatoes and cereals) - you start with a minimal
dosage.
Can you give a bit - let's drop. Mixtures can be given a little more, because
the mixture is not so aggressive to the child, as juices, and is best suited for
the composition and consistency of breast milk. Juice, of course, the
consistency is similar, because too thin, but the composition is not completely
similar, it is all the more.
What better mix to choose? In principle, any, if the doctor did not put any
restrictions. Only it must be written, that it can be given to children from
birth.
Mixture should be diluted with water? Yes, the mixture diluted with water or
baby, or boiled.
Your main task from five to six months to six months you have already quietly,
could give a child a mixture of so many, how much he wants to drink after your
breast. Imagine that the milk you have fewer, for example, only 20 ml. Hence,
the remaining 100 ml baby can only drink from a bottle in the form of a mixture.
So, quietly, to 5 ml, 10 ml, 20 ml, etc. beginning to blend. Every day, you can
increase its volume, but the main thing - you give the mixture, as then any
other lure, at the end of feeding; start with a minimum dose, slowly increasing
it. If you do so, then the child is not obsypet, and other troubles he will not.
If a child suddenly sprinkled, you calmly reject the one lure that is injected
and wait a week if the issue is resolved, then enter another product - for
example, introduced apple juice, then enter a pear, and by that to which the
child sprinkled, return after 2 -3 months, when the enzymes dozreyut.
So, you entered the mix. In six months would seem that you are breastfeeding and
finish feeding mixture. Do not replace. For example, you were 8 breastfeeding,
and should remain - 8. Just for dessert is a mixture. (Dessert can be a lot!)
Then to the mix you add, for example, juices (drip, can drip into the mixture).
Poured a bit on the next day can or two, then 3, etc. But sooner or later you
become bored, and you begin to introduce solid foods to be more aggressive. But
by the time you become bored, you have entered is already 5 or 10 products and,
consequently, the child's capacity to absorb the great amount of new product
that you give, for example, polchaynoy tablespoons puree, or a quarter, it will
be more.
Introducing puree after juice is better using the same name products. They
introduced, for example, apple juice, then enter the applesauce.
Is it possible to drip juice directly into the bottle with a mixture? Yes. So
simple. Can drip into the bottle after bottle or directly into the child's
mouth. In any case, it bude after feeding. The main thing is that before any
such tension was warming: first baby stretching my mother's breast milk, and
then everything else you give to the load.
And if a lot of milk, should we introduce a mixture? Yes, you. If you're feeding
from a bottle with the hard nipples, then the child probably will not give up
the breast. If at first you will always give the chest, despite the provocations
of the child "I will not breast, I love the bottle," that a hungry child will
still be there, first from the breast.
The child grows, and its need for food grows. Objectively, the amount of milk in
the mother's breast will decrease in any case, every month it will be less and
less.
If milk is enough, then whether you want to tear the child from the breast and
give formula or solid foods? No, let the child eat up breast milk. If he does
not want to mix, even if not eating. In any case, the mixture must be entered as
the first solid foods. If the milk so much, and child on it adds fine, 600 gr.
per month, which is very rare, then the mixture is not necessary. Note: mixture
- the first solid foods, and not a substitute for breast milk.
When the time comes to start typing the juice and smoothie, start with jars of
baby food from the store. First baby food from jars and boxes, and then what you
cook in the kitchen, on the grate itself.
Can I leave to feed the baby for a year, for example, in 3 months? No. For
medical reasons to breastfeed the child should be up to a year. If you can
maintain lactation, then the year - this is the best time.
What is the volume of the mixture for the very first foods? The smaller the
better. You can immediately enter a child 100 ml, and with him nothing will
happen, but for security than a smaller dose you will give first time, the more
likely it will have to adapt. Your task - to give the child to adapt to anything
whatsoever. In the first month you give the opportunity to adapt to the fact
that this world is so inconvenient, and then makes it possible to adapt to the
foods, etc.
If in six months, the child enough milk, whether you want to introduce a
mixture? Did you try it! You may feel that you have enough milk and the baby all
happy. And you enter the 20 ml of the mixture, and he gobbled them perfectly,
and then 30 ml, while you continue to feed her milk. Perhaps it seemed to you
that the baby enough milk. But in fact the child starve.
Do I need to try to introduce solid foods as late as possible? No need. Even in
the somewhat dangerous.
It is believed that many children do not like the mixture, which feeds the
mother. Can I install something else? Nobody knows what children like and what
does not. This is all adult innuendo. The child does not speak. A mother may
seem like anything. Of course, mixtures of different taste, but changing or
replacing it with a mixture of porridge, you expose the child to additional
risk.
There are children who consistently eat mother's milk and is not going to stop?
Eat. But they are not going to stop just yet and just because they do not know
that there are other options. So this question is not a child, but to my mother,
who does not want to mix and introduce solid foods.
Can a child does not like the mixture of consistency? Consistency is the same.
What's breast milk, that mixture. In any case, you begin to introduce the
mixture, and only if all your attempts fail, you begin to consult with your
doctor, what do you do next.
And if you have a bad child adds, the first complementary foods after the
mixture will be porridge, but not juice. But it is a medical issue that must be
addressed with your doctor individually.
When the time comes lures of the jars, choose the single-component products,
such as apple or pear puree or juice, not Grushevo-apple puree (juice), because
this way you enter is already two products instead of one. So, enter the first
thing an apple, and then the pear.
The introduction of puree, juices, cereals, we should remember the following
rule: one new product per week. You left before the six months. At six months
and 1 week, you enter the apple juice, in 6 months. and 2 weeks to enter, such
as pear or carrot juice, while apple juice leave the diet and continues to grow.
In 6 months. and 3 weeks to enter applesauce, in 6 months. and 4 weeks enter
pear or carrot puree. In one feeding given apple juice, in another - pear. Your
task - that you have brought the number of new product to a tangible level, for
example, up to half bottles.
You no one drives. Your child will develop well, even if one year you'll feed
him breast milk and formula. All lures need to enter only to transfer after one
year of the child to an adult food. So he learned to eat food that is different
in composition of breast milk, mechanically excellent, so when he starts to show
interest in adult products, he could have them chew and digest.
Fattened milk kitchen. At some point, you begin to have recipes for dairy
dishes, but ... eat the food themselves. Giving curds, kefir, milk, yogurt and
other better closer to year, sometimes even after a year.
Rules of the introduction of complementary foods
No more than one new product in 1 - 2 weeks. If the child reacted negatively to
the new product, you'll know exactly on what, besides the load on the body "one
product" is less than a few, and the child is easier to adapt. Negative
reactions to the introduction of new foods may be expressed in diathesis,
constipation, diarrhea, other changes in stool (odor, slime, green), etc. In
these cases must be entered to cancel the product for a week to give the child
to rest and begin the introduction of another product. Baby food, has angered
the child can try to give back two months later, when the body has something to
learn from other foods. Note that a backlash may not be on a new lure, and other
"vital factors", but also with the child to cope better without the extra load
in the form of a new food. If the child spits out "a new product, then it should
be lifted because the child is not tasty. Grow up, tastes change and will have
all or almost all. Try not to judge the taste of baby food - that delicious
newborn, you may feel great filth. This is normal, because the taste of children
before the year is very different from the taste of adults.
New foods to give at the end of feeding, possibly mixed with "old" (familiar to
the child) with food. By analogy with the physical exercise: first, the muscles
"warm up", and then give the load. Enzymatic systems, the intestines also have
to "warm up", to begin to actively work, digesting "the familiar food."
Introducing solid foods at the end of feeding, you will not find me unprepared
"the body of the child and not harm him. Positive side-effect of the
introduction of the new food will be easier getting used to the new baby taste
sensations, and therefore the child will not spit in your new food.
The lower the initial dose, the slower it rises, the less the likelihood of
atopic dermatitis (diathesis). This rule can also illustrate the "physical
culture" model. In order not to "disrupt the muscles," and effectively "pump
up", it is necessary to gradually increase the load. Regarding introduction of
complementary foods that happens as follows. If you have enough breast milk and
the baby is not hungry after breastfeeding, it is necessary to introduce
complementary foods as written below, and if breast milk is no or very little,
or suddenly ends, the introduction of complementary foods as written below
should start earlier, as soon as the problems began, must constantly consulting
with the doctor. So, if all missing, then up to 4 months is desirable to feed
the baby only breast milk. From four to six months you can enter the adapted
milk formula (but not dairy products from the kitchen, they are not adapted and
not replace milk). Introducing breast-milk substitutes needed for the child to
not feel a lack of vitamins, trace elements and other components of breast milk,
the amount of which in breast milk after 6 months decreases rapidly, while other
parameters mother's milk is a useful and stop feeding their child is not worth
it. The mixtures are introduced carefully and gradually, "is in a hurry." Once
the child is released the chest, mother's milk Having eaten his fill, he needs
from the pipette to drip into his mouth literally one drop of the mixture. Day
after day, slowly, it is necessary to increase the dosage drop - a drop today,
tomorrow, two, three, and so the day after tomorrow Other products should be
introduced so as gradually, starting with the lowest possible dose and slowly
increasing them.
These rules seem overly harsh, but if you start to feed the child according to
these rules, we introduce a dozen products, you will start "next" to introduce a
dozen more quickly, starting with 1 / 4 teaspoon daily increasing the dose,
possibly exponentially.
Preferably, starting to introduce juice, mashed potatoes, oatmeal, etc., to use
prepared food from shops and offices "Baby food" because they are better
processed and sterilized, adjusted to age, what you can do at home alone.
Purchase baby food no "harmful to the child preservative does not contain.
Mindful of the desire of any company to sell more, enter another jar at the
wrong age, which is listed on it, but "being late", enter a couple of months
later. Do not buy food firms whose names you see for the first time, do not buy
food is not in stores, try to buy food, first made in developed countries, but
not in the former Soviet bloc. And only after 4-6 months to move to domestic
"jars".
The degree of grinding of food, timing the introduction of
complementary foods
What happens when you enter the mix early, early type lures? The pancreas, which
has enough enzymes to digest the foods that you offer your child starts to wear,
trying to cope, she would not succeed, failure occurs. The immune system begins
to react to it, the result is a rash on the skin (as one of the options that you
can see). Therefore lures need to enter with caution.
The process of digestion begins in the mouth. When chewing teeth crushed food to
a state in which a person can swallow it. Then, the work enters the stomach,
where food is under the action of acid gastric juice is prepared to digestion by
enzymes of the pancreas. Further digestion occurs in the duodenum, continues in
the small and large intestines, where split up almost liquid state of the food
is absorbed into the blood. In early childhood, not only has no teeth, but the
rest of the digestive function is immature (almost no acid in the stomach, an
enzyme deficiency, accelerated or slowed motility of the digestive tract), that
is, a child can not properly digest solid food. Therefore, baby foods must be in
consistency and quality matched to the body depending on the timing of
maturation of various digestive functions.
Leading experts in the field of child nutrition studied periods of maturation of
various functions of digestion. The maturing process of enzymatic digestion of
food (except breast milk or its substitutes) is only 4 months, and the
maturation of reflex mechanisms necessary for the ingestion of semi-liquid and
solid foods: the extinction of "the reflex of pushing a spoon" and maintain the
body in an upright position - to 5 months. Before this age children's food
should be homogenized, ie, homogeneous. Homogenization of dairy products
involves shredding fat dairy products are not "stratified" when stored in a
layer of cream and whey. Homogenization of vegetables and fruits - the process
of turning them into uniform without mashed pieces (at home a homogeneous mass
can be obtained only in a blender).
The next level of grinding food (from 6 months) is mashed foods. In contrast to
the homogenized food puree, rubbed on a grater or obtained by crushing, not
immediately swallowed, and some time kept in the mouth, helping to create a
chewing reflex. Reflex mastication of food is formed even before the child's
teeth. In a belated introduction of partially homogenized food (if you do not
bring it up to 7 months) the child may arise in the future, problems with
chewing and swallowing solid food, the child could choke a food or regurgitate
it. With 7 months can enter the meat in the form of Dr. Gachet (scraping cooked
meat) or as a meat sauce (passed through a meat grinder).
When a child is already prepared to start introducing solid foods (required
reflexes, including the reflex chewing formed; digestive enzymes are active,
there were teeth) - this is happening to the 8 - 9 months - can begin to
introduce food containing pieces. Tiny can give boiled vegetables, mashed with a
fork, a piece of fresh carrot or an apple, a piece of bread or biscuits. When
the number of teeth in the child reaches 6 - 8, can be given food, requiring a
longer chewing, that is gradually transferred to the common table, which
includes solid foods.
With the introduction of complementary foods is desirable to give preference to
ready-made baby foods, which are adapted or partially adapted. In this case,
getting used to these products must take place more smoothly than the products'
own cooking. In turn, when there was adaptation to the "tins" diet, the child
will be easier to adjust to not adapted products. Baby food does not contain
preservatives and other harmful additives, enriched with vitamins, a balanced
composition and degree of fineness, but be sure you can only acquire it in
specialty stores or departments of baby food.
In some cases, the recommendations on the introduction of deadlines, listed on
the packaging of baby food (especially applies to juices and mashed potatoes) do
not correspond to the physiological capabilities. Regardless of the
recommendations of the firm - the manufacturer of baby food should be remembered
that the introduction of any foods is undesirable to 6 months, and products such
as cheese, meat, fish - up to 8-10 months.
Need to increase the child's nutrition and supplement breast milk (or its
substitutes), other foods (complementary foods) is due to the following factors:
• appropriateness of training and development of the digestive system of
children;
• the need for training and development of masticatory apparatus;
• appropriateness stimulation of the motor activity of intestine.
A balanced diet is a child from 6 months to 1 year may include:
3 / 4 of the total daily volume - protein food (breast milk, a mixture of -
breast-milk substitutes, cereals, dairy products);
1 / 4 of the total daily volume - fiber (vegetables, fruits in the form of puree
or in another form);
+ 10 ml x age (months) a day - juice;
+ 50.0 per day - cheese;
+ 50,0 - 70,0 per day of meat or fish (fish introduced no earlier than 10
months).
Nutritional Supplements
Very often in the supply can meet the guidelines on food additives, which are
marked with the words: preservative, emulsifier, dye, thickener, stabilizer and
mysterious alpha-numeric code that starts with E. What does this mean, what
requires nutritional supplements and how they are dangerous / safe for the
child.
E 1 ... - dyes
2 ... E - Preservatives
3 ... E - antioxidants (antioxidants)
E 4 ... - Regulators
E 5 ... - emulsifiers
E 6 ... - flavor enhancers and flavor
£ 9 ... - antifoam
Food additives (or food ingredients, not to be confused with the biologically
active additives) - natural or synthetic substances intentionally introduced
into food products with a view to their conservation and (or) give them the
desired properties.
Food colorings are called substances that are added to foods to restore the
natural color, which was lost during processing; colorless products, the
increasing intensity of natural color. Food dyes are natural and synthetic.
Natural dyes - dyes is isolated by physical methods of plant and animal sources
or minerals. Natural dyes are obtained by microbiological means, such as
beta-carotene. The advantages of natural dyes (other than natural) are the
impact on the taste and aroma (E 160p, £ 150) and biological activity of (E-101
Vitamin B2, E 160a - precursor of vitamin A, beta-carotene). Disadvantages -
sensitivity to acids, alkalis, temperature, and exposure to microbiological
deterioration.
In contrast to natural, synthetic dyes do not possess biological activity, do
not contain flavoring agents and vitamins, but are less sensitive to the
conditions of technological processing and storage.
Among the food dyes are those that can cause allergies. Usually, this dye giving
red or bright yellow: E 102 (tartrazine), £ 110. Therefore, products containing
these additives are not recommended for children with a predisposition to
allergies. It should be noted that the dyes are used not only in the food
industry, but also in the manufacture of drugs. So before you give a child -
sufferers tablet yellow or orange shell, you need to look at the composition (in
the other ingredients) the presence of E or consult with your doctor. Foods with
dyes can enter a child with 1 - 1,5 years. Exceptions are some natural dyes (E
101, E 140, E 150, E 160 and some others), which may include even a part of baby
food.
Preservative chemicals called destroying or suppressing the growth of
microorganisms and thus prevent spoilage of food. Usually preservatives ensure a
long shelf life of the product (more than 6 months), so even if the composition
is not specified, products of long-term storage is likely to contain
preservatives. The most popular preservatives include: sodium benzoate (E 211),
sorbic acid (E 200), potassium sorbate (E 202), nitrates and nitrites (£ 249 - £
252). It is this group of nutritional supplements have the most adverse effects
on the body. Almost all the preservatives are contraindicated for allergies, as
well as pregnant and lactating women. Child "adult" preserves long term storage
(if the composition is not specified), or containing in the E 2 .. not
recommended to introduce a minimum of 3 years, but better - to 5 - 6 years. Also
keep in mind that the preservatives are widely used in the manufacture of
chocolate and sweet soda water - it is one of the reasons that these products do
not need to give children of preschool age.
Other food ingredients are much safer, so often consisting of not only adults
but also children's meals (for example, in children's canned puree).
Antioxidants (antioxidants) protect fats and fat-containing products from
rancidity, protect fruits, vegetables and their products from darkening. As a
result, the storage of these products increased by several times. The most
common additives in the group - ascorbic acid (E 300), vitamin E (E 306 - 309),
lecithin (E 322), citric acid (E 330). These antioxidants are safe for the
child.
Stabilizers and emulsifiers are used to preserve and maintain the shape and
texture of the product, for example, prevent the separation of dairy products,
yoghurt on serum and a layer of fat, or maintain the product in a gel-like state
(agar, pectin, starch, gelatin). These ingredients are present in virtually all
dairy products, except natural yoghurt with a very short shelf life. For
children - safe. In some cases, it violates a function of the pancreas or liver
and biliary tract, doctors may recommend limiting consumption of products
containing stabilizers or emulsifiers.
Amplifiers taste and aroma - the name speaks for itself. These additives enhance
the natural taste and flavor. The most famous and popular in this group -
glutamate (£ 621 - £ 625), often also used glycine (£ 640). Monosodium glutamate
(E 621) often cause allergy, so as preservatives, refers to the undesirable
elements in the hypoallergenic diet. At the same time, in situations where the
state of health should be completely excluded from the diet, common salt (severe
kidney disease), the addition of sodium glutamate in food makes it less
tasteless and monotonous. In addition, the amino acid glutamate as salt body
provides a very important building material, which simultaneously ukreplyayusche
acts on the nervous system of man. Beneficial effects on the nervous system also
has a glycine (£ 640). Data about the dangers of taste enhancers on the body
(except the above-mentioned allergy) there, so they are often used in child and
adult nutrition, making food taste richer.
Adjacent is essentially a flavor enhancers substances, giving a new taste and
flavor: salt, sugar, sweeteners (aspartame, tsiklomat, saccharin, sucralose,
xylitol, fructose), flavors (natural, identical to natural, artificial).
Children from 5 - 6 months you can eat such products. If there are medical
contraindications for the consumption of sugar (diabetes mellitus, expressed
disaccharidase deficiency, expressed by dental caries), then use products with
sweeteners.
In conclusion, a list of prohibited or non-recommended food ingredients: E 121,
E 123, E 240, E 924a, E 224b - are prohibited. E 230, E 231, E 232 - is not
prohibited, but highly undesirable, because it may contribute to the development
of cancer. Most likely, you will never meet a prohibited ingredients in the
food, which you can buy in the store.
Specialist baby food (mixture, canned baby) does not contain harmful additives
for the child. Even if you see a part of any E, these ingredients - safe.
By
Dr. Andrey L.Sokolov,
Dr. Yury A.Kopoanev
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